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Glossary The following terms are often heard when discussing NLD. I have referenced and quoted websites that I have found their definitions and/or explanations especially helpful. Asperger’s Syndrome (AS) - AS is a pervasive developmental disorder. Individuals show “marked deficiencies in social skills have difficulties with transitions or changes and prefer sameness” and display and limited and atypical patterns of interest and behavior. ---Link: http://www.udel.edu/bkirby/asperger/aswhatisit Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) - ADD is a neurological condition that causes disorganization, inattention, restlessness and impulsive at times. ---Link: http://www.add-adhd.org/textonly/glossary_attention_deficit Accommodations – “Accommodations are changes in course content, teaching strategies, standards, test presentation, location, timing, scheduling, expectations, student responses, environmental structuring and/or other attributes which provide access for a student with a disability to participate in a course/standard/test, which do not fundamentally alter or lower the standard or expectations of the course/standard/test”. ---Link: http://www.nasponline.org/publications/cq284definitions.html Cerebral Hemisphere – “Either of the two symmetrical halves of the cerebrum, as divided by the longitudinal cerebral fissure”. ---Link: http://www.answers.com/topic/cerebral-hemisphere Dyssemia - Difficulty using and understanding nonverbal communication. Nonverbal deficits are referred to as dyssemias. Functional Behavioral Assessment - …”considered to be a problem-solving process for addressing student problem behavior. It relies on a variety of techniques and strategies to identify the purposes of specific behavior and to help IEP teams select interventions to directly address the problem behavior. A functional behavioral assessment looks beyond the behavior itself. The focus when conducting a functional behavioral assessment is on identifying significant, pupil-specific social, affective, cognitive, and/or environmental factors associated with the occurrence (and non-occurrence) of specific behaviors” ---Link: http://www.air.org/cecp/fba/default Integration - Integration is the education of children with special needs in a mainstream environment Intervention – An approach or approaches to support an individual who is diagnosed with a disability. Least Restrictive Environment – “A basic principle of Public Law 101-476 (IDEA) which requires public agencies to establish procedures to ensure that to the maximum extent appropriate, children with disabilities, including children in public or private institutions or other care facilities, are educated with children who are not disabled, and that special classes, separate schooling, or other removal of children with disabilities from the regular educational environment occurs only when the nature or severity of the disability is such that education in regular classes with the use of supplementary aids and services cannot be achieved satisfactorily” ---Link: http://www.csdb.org/chip/resrc_definitions L.R.E. - Least Restrictive Environment - "The Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) is defined as the educational setting where a child with disabilities can receive a free appropriate public education (FAPE) designed to meet his or her education needs while being educated with peers without disabilities in the regular educational environment to the maximum extent appropriate." For further explanation visit http://www.lrecoalition.org/01_whatIsLRE/index.htm#1. Left Hemisphere – “The cerebral hemisphere to the left of the corpus callosum, controls activities on the right side of the body, it usually controls speech and language functions. It describes the analytic, rational, and straight-line-thinking functions of the left half of the brain. ---Link: www.answers.com Mainstream Environment - Mainstreaming is educating children with challenges/special needs in the “regular” classrooms for all or part of their day. Modality - The way a person best understands and sustains learning. Everyone learns best through one or more “modalities” of vision, hearing, movement, touching, or a blend of the four. Modifications - Modifications are “are changes in course content, teaching strategies, standards, test presentation, location, timing, scheduling, expectations, student responses, environmental structuring and/or other attributes which provide access for a student with a disability to participate in a course/standard/test, which do fundamentally alter or lower the standard or expectations of the course/standard/test. ---Link: http://www.nasponline.org/publications/cq284definitions.html Nonverbal Learning Disability (NLD) - “Nonverbal Learning Disorder, known as NLD, is a neurophysiological disorder orginating in the right hemisphere of the brain. Reception of nonverbal or performance-based information governed by this hemisphere is impaired in varying degrees, including problems with visual-spatial, intuitive, organizational, evaluative, and holistic processing functions.” ---Link: www.NLDA.org Occupational Therapy – “Occupational Therapy is the therapeutic use of self-care, work and play activities to increase independent function, enhance development and prevent disability; may include the adaptation of a task or the environment to achieve maximum independence and to enhance the quality of life. The term occupation, as used in occupational therapy, refers to any activity engaged in for evaluating, specifying and treating problems interfering with functional performance” ---Link: http://www.neuroskills.com/tbi/hdi/glo.shtml Pragmatics - “The rules that govern and describe how language is used in different contexts and environments. For example, the words and tone of voice will be more formal when talking with the principal and may be very casual and include slang when talking with other children. Social rules are very subtle. Some children have difficulty figuring these rules out and applying them appropriately. As a result, they may be identified as having inappropriate or poor behavior.” ---Link: http://www.oafccd.com/factshee/fact59.htm Prosody - Speech elements including: intonation, pitch, rate, loudness, rhythm. Right Hemisphere - “The cerebral hemisphere to the right of the corpus callosum, controlling activities on the left side of the body and, in humans, usually controlling perception of spatial and nonverbal concepts”. ---Link: http://www.answers.com/topic/right-brain Special Education –“Classroom or private instruction involving techniques, exercises, and subject matter designed for students whose learning needs cannot be met by a standard school curriculum”. ---Link: http://www.answers.com Speech and Language Therapy – “Treatment of speech defects and disorders, especially through use of exercises and audio-visual aids that develop new speech habits” ---Link: http://www.answers.com Syndrome - The group or recognizable pattern of symptoms or abnormalities that indicate a particular trait or disease. ---Link: http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/glossary/glossary_s.shtml Tactile – Relates to the sense of touch Visual Discrimination - Proficiency in recognizing likenesses and differences in words, symbols, pictures Visual-spatial – The spatial arrangement of items an individual sees. This can be displayed in weak visual recall, flawed space perceptions, and inadequate sense of direction. WISC III – “The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (WISC-III) is a battery of tests for 6 to 17 year olds that evaluate intellectual abilities. The WISC-III consists of two scales, the Verbal Scale and the Performance Scale. Each of these scales has several subtests” ---Link: http://www.nswagtc.org.au/info/identification/WISC3.html White Matter – “long myelinated fibers in the brain” ---Link: http://www.udel.edu/bkirby/asperger/NLD_SueThompson.html 504 Plan – “An individualized plan developed for a student with a disability that specifies what accommodations and/or services they will get in school to "level the playing field" so that they may derive as much benefit from their public educational program as their non-disabled peers. The plan follows from the requirements of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and also applies to extracurricular activities and non-student situations such as employment. Section 504 applies to all public entities receiving federal monies or federal financial assistance” ---Link: http://www.ourspecialkids.org/definitions.html |
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